SIP report

I have finished my report. However, I am still adding finishing touches to refine it further. It has been a challenging process as I tried to compile the information. Nevertheless, it was a rewarding experience as I looked at the results of my very own, very first official experiment. It had been a successful experiment, much to my relief. Writing the report was quite a tedious process because there was just so much information and so much to write about. It was fun though as I looked back at the hard work that had birthed forth from my hands and brains. :D

Properly formatted references

(n.d.). Principles of Underwater Sound Chapter 8. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part08.htm

(n.d.). Acoustic Monitoring Program: Underwater Acoustics Tutorial. Retrieved from http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/tutorial/tutorial.html

Bowles, A.E., Graves S.K. & Yack, T.M. (2007). Aquatic Noise Pollution from Oil Tankers and Escort Vessels in Prince William Sound, Its Effects and Impacts on the Marine Environment of the Sound: Literature Search from 1980 to Present. Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:QgmFZNKh8DYJ:www.pwsrcac.org/docs/d0045400.pdf+how+ocean+noise+pollution+aqautic+eggs&hl=en&gl=sg&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjn1jlqTwwVTiAHYd44f16pCFiDf41Ne2d8V9PGCMrvdzHlU6khbejt0ZVhrInagyOSAQOzKP3a6E71HzTsJ8Kk0qh9IlEO31DYFtxs8ophspbXcUS87ujJ5X8oMkcGU43T_S5Y&sig=AHIEtbQEp-8prIn892v0qWFD3we-2RddpQ

Brine Shrimp. Last edited June 15 2011. In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 2, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp

Desislava, Orlin & Hristo. (1999). Sound & Hearing. Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/28170/36.html

How to raise brine shrimp. Last edited February 14 2011. In Wikihow. Retrieved July 2, 2011, from http://www.wikihow.com/Raise-Brine-Shrimp

The Regents of the University of California. (2011). Fossweb: Brine Shrimp. Retrieved from http://lhsfoss.org/fossweb/teachers/materials/plantanimal/brineshrimp.html

References

These are all the references I may have used. I am putting it here for easy reference and collation!

http://lhsfoss.org/fossweb/teachers/materials/plantanimal/brineshrimp.html

http://www.wikihow.com/Raise-Brine-Shrimp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/tutorial/tutorial.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/28170/36.html

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part08.htm

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:QgmFZNKh8DYJ:www.pwsrcac.org/docs/d0045400.pdf+how+ocean+noise+pollution+aqautic+eggs&hl=en&gl=sg&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjn1jlqTwwVTiAHYd44f16pCFiDf41Ne2d8V9PGCMrvdzHlU6khbejt0ZVhrInagyOSAQOzKP3a6E71HzTsJ8Kk0qh9IlEO31DYFtxs8ophspbXcUS87ujJ5X8oMkcGU43T_S5Y&sig=AHIEtbQEp-8prIn892v0qWFD3we-2RddpQ

Time constraints

My trial experiment is the one where I tested the brine shrimp but they refused to hatch up till the 2nd or 3rd attempt where they finally appeared from their cysts! Afterwards, I carried out my actual experiment twice. However, due to time constraints, I am unable to carry it out a third time! The ideal was to carry out the experiment 5 times. If I were able to do this experiment again, I would carry out each set-up more times to increase consistency of data and reliability of results. This is one limitation of my experiment.

Tentative Summary of Research

This is the summary of my research. I am using it in my Data Discussion section of my report. I edited out bits and used them in other sections of my report. Some bits were also unnecessary so I did not use them.

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The frequency of a sound wave is the rate of oscillation or vibration of the wave and is measured in cycles/sec or Hertz (Hz). Sound waves propagating underwater are alternating compressions and rarefactions (decrease in density and pressure of sound wave) of the water. They travel through the air and get refracted when they pass through a medium with gradually varying properties (e.g. water).

Sound waves are transmitted through water as a pressure waves (repeating pattern of high-pressure and low-pressure regions). Longitudinal and transverse pressure waves cause vibrations of water particles. Low-frequency sounds are classified as high intensity sound that is transmitted by high intensity pressure waves. High intensity pressure waves cause greater vibrations of water particles which pose as disturbances that negatively affect the hatching process of brine shrimp eggs by hampering it.

Important things to take note of

These are some important pointers that I have to take note of regarding my SIP report. We went though the pointers in class when Ms Tan went through the rubrics. Also, some information was gathered from my friends from other classes.

1. Methodology must be reproducible

2. Point out control variables that cannot be controlled

3. Variables that we are unable to control should be listed under Limitations

4. Extension of further questions from our experiment

Experimental results

This is the data I collated from the whole experiment. Two beakers (Beaker 1 and Beaker 2) were exposed to the same frequency and conditions at one go. In other words, there were 2 identical set-ups). After which, the data from each beaker was collated over the period of 48 hours. This was to increase the consistency of data and reliability of results, eliminating any other external factors that could affect the results, by increasing the number of times each frequency was tested through increasing the number of set-ups.

The data might look really perfect but that is due to the limitation that I cannot be sure that I added 3000 shrimp eggs into the beaker. That might be more or less because the eggs are too small for me to count and I can only estimate. Therefore, there is a certain room of error in these results. The gap between the number of eggs that hatched from each frequency in the same period of time is clear and distinct with a considerable distance between most.

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the lower the Hz of the frequencies are, the lesser the total number of brine shrimp eggs within a shorter period of time. In other words, lower frequencies result in slower hatching speed of the brine shrimp. In Fig 2, 171 Hz resulted in 15 hatched shrimps whereas 186 Hz resulted in 19 hatched in the same period of 12 hours.